GitHub public key authentication

After creating a GitHub account, you need to setup your computer so that you can git push. When cloning a project, you chose SSH or HTTPS. I like to clone my projects in SSH as it will use my keys.

SSH Authentication Scenario

Here's a diagram explaining how those keys are used when you want to git push your code.

In this SSH authentication scenario, we can view the private key as a vault. When the client encrypts the message from the server, you can picture it as putting the message into the vault, and closing it. Then GitHub opens the vault with the public key and check the message in it is the same as the one he sent. If it's not, it means that your did not use the vault (private key) matching the public key GitHub has associated to your profile.

What you need to know

• You generated, on your computer, both a public and private key. They are stored in the ~/.ssh folder, and are just files stored on your hard drive, usually named id_rsa.pub (public key) and id_rsa (private key). GitHub has a nice guide to help you generate those keys.
• You had to give GitHub your public key in order for them to authenticate you. That's perfectly normal, that's why it's called public. Go to github.com/settings/ssh to see them.
• Your private key is really important. If someone steals it, they can impersonate you, and that's bad as they could have access to your private repos or git push as you.
• That's why you should always protect your private key with a strong passphrase. The private key is just a file on your disk, if left unencrypted, anybody with a USB key and access to your laptop can steal it and use it.